Dr Pratheep Kumar Annamalai
Adjunct Senior Fellow
School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability
Researcher biography
Dr. Pratheep Annamalai is a polymer and nanomaterials scientist with a keen interest in engineering materials for sustainable living. He is an Adjunct Senior Research Fellow at the School of Agriculture and Food Sciences. He has extensive expertise in both translational and fundamental research using nanotechnological tools towards sustainability. Currently, he is interested in alternative proteins and valorisation of agricultural crops and food waste into reactive, building blocks for improving the performance and utility of bioproducts. Thematically, his research focuses on
- Food Processing (plant-based food products)
- Bioproducts (from agri-food waste)
- Sustainable building blocks (for advanced materials).
Before joining UQ, Pratheep studied Chemistry in University of Madras, received PhD in Chemistry from University of Pune (India), then went on to work as a postdoctoral researcher on hydrophobic membranes at the Université Montpellier II (France), and on ‘stimuli-responsive smart materials’ at the Adolphe Merkle Institute - Université de Fribourg (Switzerland).
Upon being instrumental in the discovery of ‘spinifex nanofibre nanotechnology’ and establishing Australia’s first nanocellulose pilot-plant, he has been awarded UQ Excellence awards for leadership and industry partnerships for 2019. Recognising his contribution to the nanomaterials, polymer nanocomposites, polymer degradation and stabilisation regionally and globally, he has been invited to serve as a committee member for ISO/TC229-WG2 for characterisation of nanomaterials (2016), a mentor in TAPPI mentoring program (2018), guest/academic editor for various journals (Fibres, Int. J Polymer Science, PLOS One). He has served as a member of the UQ-LNR ethics committee for reviewing the applications (2017-) and a member of the AIBN-ECR committee in 2014.
Book Chapters
Ramanujam, B.T.S., Haridass, Reshma, Muralidharan, Pranesh, Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar, Dubal, Deepak and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2023). Electroactive polymers and their carbon nanocomposites for energy harvesting. Nanogenerators: basic concepts, design strategies, and applications. (pp. 361-396) edited by Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula and Tariq Altalhi. Boca Raton, FL, United States: CRC Press. doi: 10.1201/9781003187615-15
Abbasi, Arshiya, Aggarwal, Shalu, Akhtaruzzaman, M., Amin, Nowshad, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Asim, Nilofar, Badiei, Marzieh, Bhat, Aabid Hussain, Chakravarty, Archana, Chaudhary, Shivani, Chaudhry, Saif Ali, Chawla, Harshita, Chhabra, Arvind, Chisti, Hamida-Tun-Nisa, Chopan, Nisar Ahmad, Choudhary, Gaurav, Csóka, Levente, Dabas, Neeru, Garg, Seema, Hosakun, Worakan, Ikram, Saiqa, Ingole, Pravin P., Jain, Vijay Prakash, Jaiswar, Gautam, Koser, Kulsoom, Mangla, Divyanshi, Martin, Darren J., Mohammad, Masita, Pennells, Jordan ... Yudha, S. Salprima (2022). List of contributors. Innovation in Nano-Polysaccharides for Eco-sustainability. (pp. xi-xii) Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823439-6.00020-9
Pennells, Jordan, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2022). Nanocellulose: a sustainable nanomaterial for controlled drug delivery applications. Innovation in nano-polysaccharides for eco-sustainability: from science to industrial applications. (pp. 217-253) edited by Preeti Singh, Kaiser Manzoor, Saiqa Ikram and Pratheep Kumar Annamalai. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823439-6.00010-6
Ramanujam, B. T. S, Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2021). Nanocellulose-based carbon as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Nanocellulose based composites for electronics. (pp. 295-312) edited by Sabu Thomas and Yasir Beeran Pottathara. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822350-5.00012-6
Ramanujam, B. T. S. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2017). Conducting polymer-graphite binary and hybrid composites: structure, properties, and applications. Hybrid polymer composite materials: applications. (pp. 1-34) edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur, Manju Kumari Thakur and Asokan Pappu. Duxford, United Kingdom: Woodhead Publishing. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100785-3.00001-2
Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Depan, Dilip (2015). Nano-cellulose reinforced chitosan nanocomposites for packaging and biomedical applications. Green biorenewable biocomposites: from knowledge to industrial applications. (pp. 489-506) edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur and Michael R. Kessler. Boca Raton, FL, United States: CRC Press/Apple Academic Press.
Jorfi, Mehdi, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Weder, Christoph (2014). Preparation of cellulose nanocrystal/polymer nanocomposites via sol-gel processes. Handbook of green materials: processing technologies, properties and applications. (pp. 23-34) edited by Kristiina Oksman, Aji P. Mathew, Alexander Bismarck, Orlando Rojas and Mohini Sain. Singapore, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Jorfi, Mehdi, Amiralian, Nasim, Biyani, Mahesh V. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2013). Biopolymeric nanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose. Biomass-based biocomposites. (pp. 277-304) Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom: Smithers Rapra Technology.
Lonkar, S.P., Kumar, A.P. and Singh, R.P. (2011). Commercial aspects associated with bionanocomposites. Nanocomposites with Biodegradable Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Future Perspectives. (pp. 400-419) edited by Vikas Mittal. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581924.003.0016
Annamalai, P.K. and Singh, R.P. (2011). Biopolymeric nanocomposites as environment benign materials. Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites. (pp. 519-535) edited by Susheel Kalia, B. S. Kaith and Inderjeet Kaur. Verlag, Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_20
Journal Articles
Norfarhana, A. S., Khoo, P. S., Ilyas, R. A., Ab Hamid, N. H., Aisyah, H. A., Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz, Knight, V. F., Rani, M. S. A., Septevani, Athanasia Amanda, Syafri, Edi and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2024). Exploring of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Lignocellulosic Sources as a Powerful Adsorbent for Wastewater Remediation. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 1-31. doi: 10.1007/s10924-024-03227-3
Sidiq, Amir, Setunge, Sujeeva, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Gravina, Rebecca J. and Giustozzi, Filippo (2024). Concrete Self-healing Performance Using Surface Roughness Parameters: Metrological Approach. Journal of Building Engineering, 90 109433, 109433. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109433
Augustin, Nikhitha, Muraliharan, Pranesh, Sabu, Aleena, Koothanatham Senthilkumar, Kanya, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava, Ramanujam (2024). Unravelling the role of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) molecular weight in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/PMMA/expanded graphite (ExGr) blend nanocomposites: Insights into morphology, thermal behavior, electrical conductivity, and wetting property. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. doi: 10.1177/08927057241238203
Haridevan, Hima, Evans, David A. C., Martin, Darren and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2024). Dispersion engineering of cellulose nanofibres in polyols: for controlled microstructure of high-performance polyurethane insulation foam. Materials Advances, 5 (4), 1540-1551. doi: 10.1039/d3ma00865g
Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Amiralian, Nasim, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2024). Achieving ultra-tear resistant high-performance natural rubber nanocomposite via bio-inspired lignocellulosic compatibilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 207 117729, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117729
Fan, Yue, Zheng, Shiyu, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Bhandari, Bhesh and Prakash, Sangeeta (2024). Enhancement of the texture and microstructure of faba bean-based meat analogues with brewers' spent grain through enzymatic treatments. Sustainable Food Technology. doi: 10.1039/d4fb00045e
Haridass, Reshma, Sabu, Aleena, Augustin, Nikhitha, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava, Ramanujam (2023). Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the structure development, electrical, thermal, and wetting properties of polyvinylidene fluoride-expanded graphite nanocomposites. ACS Omega, 9 (1), 178-195. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03083
Septevani, Athanasia A., Evans, David A. C., Martin, Darren J., Song, Pingan and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2023). Tuning the microstructure of polyurethane foam using nanocellulose for improved thermal insulation properties through an efficient dispersion methodology. Polymer Composites, 44 (12), 8857-8869. doi: 10.1002/pc.27743
Rawal, Kirti, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Ningtyas, Dian Widya and Prakash, Sangeeta (2023). Enhancement of emulsion stability and functional properties of hemp protein‐based dairy alternative by different treatments after cellulase hydrolysis. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 59 (1), 1-10. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.16735
Haridevan, Hima, Barkauskas, Deborah, Sokolowski, Kamil A., Evans, David A.C., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2023). X-ray tomographic reconstruction for understanding lignin-induced changes in the microstructure and properties of polyurethane insulation foam. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 5 (9), 6772-6780. doi: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00380
Rawal, Kirti, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Bhandari, Bhesh and Prakash, Sangeeta (2023). Oat flour as a novel stabiliser for designing plant-based Pickering emulsion. Journal of Food Engineering, 340 111300, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111300
Mukundan, Swathi, Wagner, Jonathan L., Annamalai, Pratheep K., Ravindran, Devika Sudha, Krishnapillai, Girish Kumar and Beltramini, Jorge (2022). hydrothermal co-liquefaction of biomass and plastic wastes into biofuel: study on catalyst property, product distribution and synergistic effects. Fuel Processing Technology, 238 107523, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107523
Kim, Andrew, Kumar, Pawan, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Patel, Rajkumar (2022). Recent advances in the nanomaterials, design, fabrication approaches of thermoelectric nanogenerators for various applications. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9 (35) 2201659, 1-27. doi: 10.1002/admi.202201659
Haridevan, Hima, Evans, David A.C., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2022). Rational analysis of dispersion and solubility of Kraft lignin in polyols for polyurethanes. Industrial Crops and Products, 185 115129, 115129. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115129
Liu, Yiting, Li, Wen, Li, Kai, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Pratt, Steven, Hassanpour, Morteza, Lu, Haiqin and Zhang, Zhanying (2022). Tailored production of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils from sugarcane bagasse pretreated by acid-catalyzed alcohol solutions. Carbohydrate Polymers, 291 119602, 119602. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119602
Haridevan, Hima, Chaleat, Celine, Pooley, Liam, Evans, David A. C., Halley, Peter J., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2022). Processing and rheological properties of polyol/cellulose nanofibre dispersions for polyurethanes. Polymer, 255 125130, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125130
Amin, Khairatun Najwa Mohd, Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2022). A Mixed Acid Methodology to Produce Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanocrystal at High Yield Using Phosphoric Acid. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 7 (2), 99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.12.002
Afzal, Rana Arslan, Pennells, Jordan, Yamauchi, Yusuke, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2022). Lignocellulosic plant cell wall variation influences the structure and properties of hard carbon derived from sorghum biomass. Carbon Trends, 7 100168, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100168
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Chaleat, Celine, Edwards, Grant, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2022). A cleaner processing approach for cellulose reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering & Science, 62 (3), 949-961. doi: 10.1002/pen.25899
Corletto, Alexander, Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Martin, Darren J. and Shapter, Joseph G. (2022). High-resolution R2R-compatible printing of carbon nanotube conductive patterns enabled by cellulose nanocrystals. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 5 (1) acsanm.1c04320, A-N. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.1c04320
Haridevan, Hima, Evans, David A. C., Ragauskas, Arthur, Martin, Darren and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2021). Valorisation of technical lignin in rigid polyurethane foam: a critical evaluation on trends, guidelines and future perspectives. Green Chemistry, 23 (22), 8725-8753. doi: 10.1039/d1gc02744a
Fan, Juan, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Prakash, Sangeeta (2021). 3D enabled facile fabrication of substrates with human tongue characteristics for analysing the tribological behaviour of food emulsions. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 73 102803, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102803
Haridevan, Hima, McLaggan, Martyn S., Evans, David A.C., Martin, Darren J., Seaby, Trent, Zhang, Zhanying and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2021). Dispersion methodology for technical lignin into polyester polyol for high-performance polyurethane insulation foam. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 3 (7) acsapm.1c00430, 3528-3537. doi: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00430
Kim, Andrew, Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Kumar, Pawan and Patel, Rajkumar (2021). Review on colloidal quantum dots luminescent solar concentrators. ChemistrySelect, 6 (20), 4948-4967. doi: 10.1002/slct.202100674
Annamalai, Pratheep K., Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar, Dubal, Deepak P. and Baek, Jong‐Beom (2021). Cellulose‐Based Nanogenerators: An Overview of Cellulose‐Based Nanogenerators (Adv. Mater. Technol. 3/2021). Advanced Materials Technologies, 6 (3), 2170018. doi: 10.1002/admt.202170018
Annamalai, Pratheep K., Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar, Dubal, Deepak P. and Baek, Jong‐Beom (2021). An overview of cellulose‐based nanogenerators. Advanced Materials Technologies, 6 (3) 2001164, 2001164. doi: 10.1002/admt.202001164
Yang, Haitang, Shi, Bingbing, Xue, Yijiao, Ma, Zhewen, Liu, Lina, Liu, Lei, Yu, Youming, Zhang, Zhanying, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Song, Pingan (2021). Molecularly engineered lignin-derived additives enable fire-retardant, UV-shielding, and mechanically strong polylactide biocomposites. Biomacromolecules, 22 (4) acs.biomac.0c01656, 1432-1444. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01656
Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Amiralian, Nasim, Hayati, Amir Nemati, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2021). Toughening of natural rubber nanocomposites by the incorporation of nanoscale lignin combined with an industrially relevant leaching process. Industrial Crops and Products, 159 113063, 113063. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113063
Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar, Gaddam, Rohit Ranganathan, Niaei, Amir H. Farokh, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Dubal, Deepak P., Martin, Darren James, Yamauchi, Yusuke, Searles, Debra J. and Zhao, Xiu Song (2020). Potassium‐ion storage in cellulose derived hard carbon: the role of functional groups. Batteries and Supercaps, 3 (9) batt.202000116, 953-960. doi: 10.1002/batt.202000116
Nanjundan, Ashok Kumar, Gaddam, Rohit Ranganathan, Farokh Niaei, Amir H., Annamalai, Pratheep K., Dubal, Deepak P., Martin, Darren James, Yamauchi, Yusuke, Searles, Debra J. and Zhao, Xiu Song (2020). Cover Feature: Potassium‐ion storage in cellulose‐derived hard carbon: the role of functional groups. Batteries and Supercaps, 3 (9) batt.202000183, 791-791. doi: 10.1002/batt.202000183
Laycock, Bronwyn, Wang, Xiaoyu, Liu, Ru-Fen, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Cork, Jorja, Derstine, Chris, Mills, Michael and McFarland, Eric W. (2020). Pyrolysis of brominated polyethylene as an alternative carbon fibre precursor. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 172 109057, 109057. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109057
Jiang, Edward, Maghe, Maxime, Zohdi, Nima, Amiralian, Nasim, Naebe, Minoo, Laycock, Bronwyn, Fox, Bronwyn L., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2019). Influence of different nanocellulose additives on processing and performance of PAN-based carbon fibers. ACS Omega, 4 (6), 9720-9730. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00266
Kumari, Sangeeta, Singh, Raj Pal, Chavan, Nayaku N. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2018). Chitosan-based bionanocomposites for biomedical application. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, 7 (4), 219-227. doi: 10.1680/jbibn.15.00015
Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Martine, Benoit, Pennells, Jordan, Martin, Darren J. and Amiralian, Nasim (2018). Facile tuning of the surface energy of cellulose nanofibers for nanocomposite reinforcement. ACS Omega, 3 (11), 15933-15942. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02104
Septevani, Athanasia A., Evans, David A. C., Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Martin, Darren J., Simonsen, John, Conley, John F. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2018). Polymer Nanocomposites Characterization: Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide on Nanocellulose for Enabling Microscopic Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites (Small 46/2018). Small, 14 (46), 1870217. doi: 10.1002/smll.201870217
Septevani, Athanasia A., Evans, David A. C., Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Martin, Darren J., Simonsen, John, Conley, John F. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2018). Atomic layer deposition of metal oxide on nanocellulose for enabling microscopic characterization of polymer nanocomposites. Small, 14 (46) 1803439, e1803439. doi: 10.1002/smll.201803439
Hayati, Amir Nemati, Evans, David Alwyn Charles, Laycock, Bronwyn, Martin, Darren James and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2018). A simple methodology for improving the performance and sustainability of rigid polyurethane foam by incorporating industrial lignin. Industrial Crops and Products, 117, 149-158. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.006
Septevani, Athanasia A., Evans, David A.C., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2018). Hybrid polyether-palm oil polyester polyol based rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal. Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 378-388. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.032
Septevani, Athanasia, Evans, David A.C., Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Martin, Darren J. (2017). The use of cellulose nanocrystals to enhance the thermal insulation properties and sustainability of rigid polyurethane foam. Industrial Crops and Products, 107, 114-121. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.039
Naranpanawe, Lakshitha, Ekanayake, Chandima, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Saha, Tapan Kumar (2017). Influence of moisture dependency of pressboard on transformer winding clamping pressure. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 24 (5) 8120379, 3191-3200. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2017.006206
Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Wang, Lianzhou, Martin, Darren and Amiralian, Nasim (2017). Reinforcement of natural rubber latex using lignocellulosic nanofibers isolated from spinifex grass. Nanoscale, 9 (27), 9510-9519. doi: 10.1039/c7nr02632c
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep, Garvey, Christopher, Jiang, Edward, Memmott, Paul and Martin, Darren (2017). High aspect ratio nanocellulose from an extremophile spinifex grass by controlled acid hydrolysis. Cellulose, 24 (9), 3753-3766. doi: 10.1007/s10570-017-1379-6
Gaddam, Rohit Ranganathan, Jiang, Edward, Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Martin, Darren J., Kumar, Nanjundan Ashok and Zhao, X. S. (2017). Spinifex nanocellulose derived hard carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 1 (5), 1090-1097. doi: 10.1039/c7se00169j
Jiang, Edward , Amiralian, Nasim, Maghe, Maxime, Laycock, Bronwyn, McFarland, Eric, Fox, Bronwyn, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2017). Cellulose nanofibers as rheology modifiers and enhancers of carbonization efficiency in polyacrylonitrile. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5 (4), 3296-3304. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b03144
Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren (2017). Cellulose nanocrystals with enhanced thermal stability reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21 (3), 754-761. doi: 10.17576/mjas-2017-2103-25
Dolan, Grace K., Yakubov, Gleb E., Greene, George W., Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Martin, Darren J. and Stokes, Jason R. (2016). Dip-and-drag lateral force spectroscopy for measuring adhesive forces between nano-fibers. Langmuir, 32 (50), 13340-13348. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03467
Amin, Khairatun Najwa Mohd, Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Edwards, Grant, Chaleat, Celine and Martin, Darren J. (2016). Scalable processing of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites toughened with nanocellulose. Chemical Engineering Journal, 302, 406-416. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.067
Bandara, Kapila, Ekanayake, Chandima, Saha, Tapan Kumar and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2016). Understanding the ageing aspects of natural ester based insulation liquid in power transformer. IEEE Transactions On Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 23 (1) 7422567, 246-257. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2015.004744
Adsul, Mukund, Tuli, Deepak K., Annamalai, Pratheep K., Depan, Dilip and Shankar, Shiv (2016). Polymers from biomass: characterization, modification, degradation, and applications. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2016 1857297, 1-2. doi: 10.1155/2016/1857297
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Memmott, Paul and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Isolation of cellulose nanofibrils from Triodia pungens via different mechanical methods. Cellulose, 22 (4), 2483-2498. doi: 10.1007/s10570-015-0688-x
Septevani, Athanasia A., Annamalai, Pratheep K., Evans, David A. C., Chaleat, Celine and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Rigid polyurethane foam enhanced with natural oil polyols. Pu Magazine, 12 (3), 222-224.
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Fitzgerald, Chris, Memmott, Paul and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Erratum to "Optimization of resin extraction from an Australian arid grass 'Triodia pungens' and its preliminary evaluation as an anti-termite timber coating" [Ind. Crops Prod. 59 (2014) 241-247]. Industrial Crops and Products, 67, 512-512. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.037
Septevani, Athanasia A., Evans, David A. C., Chaleat, Celine, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2015). A systematic study substituting polyether polyol with palm kernel oil based polyester polyol in rigid polyurethane foam. Industrial Crops and Products, 66, 16-26. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.11.053
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Memmott, Paul, Taran, Elena, Schmidt, Susanne and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Easily deconstructed, high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibres from Triodia pungens; an abundant grass of Australia's arid zone. RSC Advances, 5 (41), 32124-32132. doi: 10.1039/c5ra02936h
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Morrow, Isabel Catherine and Martin, Darren (2015). Production of cellulose nanocrystals via a scalable mechanical method. RSC Advances, 5 (70), 57133-57140. doi: 10.1039/c5ra06862b
Annamalai, P. K. and Martin, D. J. (2014). Can clay nanoparticles accelerate environmental biodegradation of polyolefins?. Materials Science and Technology, 30 (5), 593-602. doi: 10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000498
Annamalai, Pratheep K., Dagnon, Koffi L., Monemian, Seyedali, Foster, E. Johan, Rowan, Stuart J. and Weder, Christoph (2014). Water-responsive mechanically adaptive nanocomposites based on styrene-butadiene rubber and cellulose nanocrystals - processing matters. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 6 (2), 967-976. doi: 10.1021/am404382x
Depan, D., Kumar, A. Pratheep, Singh, R. P. and Misra, R. D. K. (2014). Stability of chitosan/montmorillonite nanohybrid towards enzymatic degradation on grafting with poly(lactic acid). Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom), 30 (5), 587-592. doi: 10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000501
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Fitzgerald, Chris, Memmott, Paul and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Optimisation of resin extraction from an Australian arid grass 'Triodia pungens' and its preliminary evaluation as an anti-termite timber coating. Industrial Crops and Products, 59, 241-247. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.04.045
Sureshkumar, M. S., Goyal, R. K., Negi, Y. S., Pratheepkumar, A., Reddy, K. Raghunatha, Singh, R. P., Dadge, J. W. and Aiyer, R. C. (2011). Studies on the feasibility of recycled polystyrene doped with NLO active meta-Nitroaniline for optoelectronics applications. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 22 (12), 1865-1871. doi: 10.1002/pat.1685
Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Pochat-Bohatier, Celine, Bouyer, Denis, Li, Chia-Ling, Deratani, Andre and Wang, Da-Ming (2011). Kinetics of mass transfer during vapour-induced phase separation (VIPS) process and its influence on poly-(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane structure and surface morphology. Desalination and Water Treatment, 34 (1-3), 204-210. doi: 10.5004/dwt.2011.2809
Mendez, Julie, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Eichhorn, Stephen J., Rusli, Rafeadah, Rowan, Stuart J., Foster, E. Johan and Weder, Christoph (2011). Bioinspired mechanically adaptive polymer nanocomposites with water-activated shape-memory effect. Macromolecules, 44 (17), 6827-6835. doi: 10.1021/ma201502k
Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep, Mohaideen, Kamal Khaja, Alariqi, Sameh A. S. and Singh, Raj Pal (2010). Preparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Macromolecular Research, 18 (12), 1160-1167. doi: 10.1007/s13233-010-1208-3
Deka, Sasanka, Joy, P. A. and Kumar, A. Pratheep (2009). Single Step Synthesis and Properties of M/MFe2O4 and PVDF/M/MFe2O4 (M= Co, Ni) Magnetic Nanocomposites. Science of Advanced Materials, 1 (3), 262-268. doi: 10.1166/sam.2009.1053
Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep, Depan, Dilip, Tomer, Namrata Singh and Singh, Raj Pal (2009). Nanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization-Trends and future perspectives. Progress in Polymer Science, 34 (6), 479-515. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.01.002
Slariqi, Sameh A. S, Kumar, A. Pratheep, Rao, B. S. M. and Singh, R. P. (2009). Effect of γ-dose rate on crystallinity and morphological changes of γ-sterilized biomedical polypropylene. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94 (2), 272-277. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.10.027
Depan, Dilip, Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Singh, Raj Pal (2009). Cell proliferation and controlled drug release studies of nanohybrids based on chitosan-g-lactic acid and montmorillonite. Acta Biomaterialia, 5 (1), 93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.aetbio.2008.08.007
Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Singh, Raj Pal (2008). Biocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch: improvement of properties by photo-induced crosslinking. Bioresource Technology, 99 (18), 8803-8809. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.045
Lonkar, S.P., Kumar, A.P. and Singh, R.P. (2007). Photo-stabilization of EPDM-clay nanocomposites: effect of antioxidant on the preparation and durability. Polymers For Advanced Technologies, 18 (11), 891-900. doi: 10.1002/pat.925
Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Singh, Raj Pal (2007). Novel hybrid of clay, cellulose, and thermoplastics. I. Preparation and characterization of composites of ethylene-propylene copolymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104 (4), 2672-2680. doi: 10.1002/app.25659
Alariqi, Sameh A. S., Kumar, A. Pratheep, Rao, B. S. M. and Singh, R. P. (2007). Stabilization of γ-sterilized biomedical polyolefins by synergistic mixtures of oligomeric stabilizers. Part II. Polypropylene matrix. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92 (2), 299-309. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.10.010
Alariqi, Sameh. A. S., Kumar, A. Pratheep, Rao, B. S. M., Tevtia, Amit K. and Singh, R. P. (2006). Stabilization of γ-sterilized biomedical polyolefins by synergistic mixtures of oligomeric stabilizers. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91 (10), 2451-2464. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.03.010
Depart, Dilip, Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Singh, Raj Pal (2006). Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid of chitosan-g-lactic acid and montmorillonite. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part a, 78 (2), 372-382. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.30738
Kumar, A. Pratheep, Pandey, Jitendra K., Kumar, Bijendra and Singh, R. P. (2006). Photo-/Bio-degradability of agro waste and ethylene-propylene copolymers composites under abiotic and biotic environments. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 14 (2), 203-212. doi: 10.1007/s10924-006-0012-9
Alariqi, SAS, Kumar, AP, Rao, BSM and Singh, RP (2006). Biodegradation of γ-sterilised biomedical polyolefins under composting and fungal culture environments. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91 (5), 1105-1116. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.07.004
Kumar, AP, Depan, D and Singh, RP (2005). Durability of natural fiber-reinforced composites of ethylene-propylene copolymer under accelerated weathering and composting conditions. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 18 (6), 489-508. doi: 10.1177/0892705705054411
Kumar, AP, Singh, RP and Sarwade, BD (2005). Degradability of composites, prepared from ethylene-propylene copolymer and jute fiber under accelerated aging and biotic environments. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 92 (2-3), 458-469. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.01.027
Pandey, JK, Reddy, KR, Kumar, AP and Singh, RP (2005). An overview on the degradability of polymer nanocomposites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 88 (2), 234-250. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.09.013
Kumar, AP, Reddy, KR, Rana, S, Lonkar, SP, Raut, KG and Singh, RP (2005). Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of novel stabilized TDI-based polyurethane coatings under accelerated weathering. Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology, 11 (1), 13-20. doi: 10.1002/vnl.20032
Pandey, JK, Kumar, AP, Misra, M, Mohanty, AK, Drzal, LT and Singh, RP (2005). Recent advances in biodegradable nanocomposites. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 5 (4), 497-526. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2005.111
Conference Papers
Haridevan, Hima, Barkauskas, Deborah, Sokolowski, Kamil, Evans, David, Martin, Darren and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2021). Microstructural analysis and 3D reconstruction of lignin based cellular polymeric foams using x-ray computed micro-tomography. International Conference on Materials Science and Engineering, Brisbane, QLD Australia, 11-14 October 2021. Brisbane, Australia:
Haridevan, Hima, Birnie, David, Evans, David A.C., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2021). Enhanced dispersion of lignin in PET polyols for improved thermal insulation of polyurethane foams. SPE-ANTEC 2021, Virtual, 10-21 May 2021. Danbury, CT, United States: SPE.
Chaleat, Celine, Annamalai, Pratheep K., Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Amiralian, Nasim, Gauthier, Emilie, Pooley, Liam, Kepa, Katarzyna and Martin, Darren J. (2020). Spinifex nanotechnology: a university-Indigenous community partnership for nanomaterials commercialisation. 8th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN 2020), Brisbane, Australia, 9-13 February 2020.
Jiang, Edward, Amiralian, Nasim, Gaddam, Rohit R., Nanjundan, Ashok A., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2020). Spinifex nanocellulose as a potential carbon precursor for carbon fibre and anode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. 8th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN 2020), Brisbane, Australia, 9-13 February 2020.
Annamalai, Pratheep K., Chaleat, Celine, Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Amiralian, Nasim, Gauthier, Emilie, Pooley, Liam, Kepa, Katarzyna and Martin, Darren J. (2020). Spinifex nanocellulose nanotechnology: the uniqueness and Industrial apilications. 8th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN 2020), Brisbane, Australia, 9-13 February 2020.
Haridevan, Hima, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2019). Enhanced dispersion of lignin in polyols for improving sustainability and performance of polyurethane foam based insulation materials. 37th Australasian Polymer Symposium, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia, 10-13 November 2019.
Haridevan, Hima, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2019). Influence of bio-derived materials on the microstructure of rigid polyurethane foam at different scales. 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Composite Materials (ICFCM2019), Brisbane, QLD Australia, 13-16 November 2019.
Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2019). Strategies towards sustainable rigid polyurethane insulation foam using biomass derived materials. 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Composite Materials (ICFCM2019), Brisbane, Australia, 13-16 November 2019.
Septevani, Athanasia A., Hayati, Amir N., Evans, David A. C., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2019). Strategies towards sustainable rigid polyurethane insulation foam using biomass-derived materials. 37th Australasian Polymer Symposium, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia, 10-13 November 2019.
Haridevan, Hima, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2019). Influence of bio-derived materials on the microstructure of rigid polyurethane foam at different scales. 37th Australasian Polymer Symposium, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia, 10-13 November 2019.
Jiang, Edward, Amiralian, Nasim, Laycock, Bronwyn, Martin, Darren and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2018). Carbon fibre precursors based on spinifex nanofibres reinforced polyacrylonitrile composites. The 11th Asian-Australasian Conference on Composite Materials (ACCM11), Cairns, QLD, Australia, 29 July -1 August 2018.
Annamalai, Pratheep K., Amiralian, Nasim, Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Jiang, Edward and Marin, Darren (2018). Australian native Spinifex grass for improving the sustainability and performance of materials. Sixth International Conference on Natural Polymers 2018, Kottayam, 7-9 December 2018.
Amiralian, Nasim, Hosseinmardi, Alireza , Martine, Benoit, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren (2018). Elastomers reinforcement using cellulose nanofibre. The 11th Asian-Australasian Conference on Composite Materials (ACCM11), Cairns, QLD, Australia, 29 July 2018 - 1 August 2018.
Amiralian, Nasim , Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2017). Fundamental understanding and applications of spinifex cellulose nanofibres. RACI National Centenary Congress, 17th Asian Chemical Congress and 19th General Assembly of FACS, Melbourne, Vic., Australia, 23-28 July 2017. Melbourne, Vic., Australia: RACI National Centenary Congress.
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Amiralian, Nasim, Septevani, Athanasia Amanda, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2017). Nanocellulose: A sustainable functional nanoadditive for improving the properties of thermoplastics and structural materials. RACI National Centenary Congress: 8th International Conference on Green and Sustainable Chemistry Conference (GSC8), Melbourne, Vic., Australia, 23-26 July 2017. Melbourne, Vic., Australia: RACI National Centenary Congress.
Hayati, Amir Nemati, Evans, David, Laycock, Bronwyn, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2017). Improving sustainability and performance of the rigid polyurethane foam by lignin with enhanced dispersion and dissolution. 2017 International Conference on Bionano Innovation, Brisbane, Australia, 24-27 September 2017.
Septevani, Athanasia A., Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Evans, David A. C., Amiralian, Nasim, Pooley, Liam, Ho, Johnny, Shao, Liying, Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2017). Nanocellulose as a sustainable nanoadditive for polymer, building and construction materials. 2017 International Conference on BioNano Innovation, Brisbane, Australia, 24-27 September 2017.
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Martin, Darren (2017). Cellulose nanofibres from spinifex arid grasses. 2017 International Conference on Bionano Innovation, Brisbane, 24-27 September 2017.
Septevani, Athanasia Amanda, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Martin, Darren J. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcing agent in solely palm based polyurethane foam. 3rd International Symposium on Applied Chemistry (ISAC), Jakarta, Indonesia, 23 - 24 October 2017. Melville, NY, United States: A I P Publishing LLC. doi: 10.1063/1.5011899
Hosseinmardi, Alireza, Nasim Amiralian, Pratheep Kumar Annamalai, Wang, Lianzhou and Martin, Darren J. (2016). Mechanical reinforcement of natural rubber latex with cellulose nanofibres from Triodia pungens. International Elastomer Conference: ACS Rubber Division 190th Technical Meeting & Educational Symposium, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A., 10-13 October 2016.
Amiralian, Nasim , Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2016). Spinifex nanocellulose applications in natural rubber latex and PA-11 thermoplastic composites. Cellulose Nanofibers Workshop 2016, Melbourne, 15 July 2016.
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Amiralian, Nasim , Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar , Edwards, Grant A. B., Chaleat, Celine and Martin, Darren J. (2016). Cleaner and scalable processing of cellulose nanocrystal reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials 2016, Grenoble, France, 13-16 June 2016. Peachtree Corners, GA United States: TAPPI Press.
Amiralian, Nasim , Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2016). Systematic production of high quality and low cost cellulose nanofibers and their potential applications. TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials 2016, Grenoble, France, 13-16 June 2016. Peachtree Corners, GA United States: TAPPI Press.
Amiralian, Nasim , Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar , Garvey, Chris and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Water and organic solvent behavior of thin and long cellulose nanofibrils easily deconstructed from Australian arid grass T. pungens. 9th Asia Oceania Forum for Synchrotron Radiation Research (AOFSRR 2015), in conjunction with User Meeting 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 25-27 November 2015.
Septevani, Athanasia Amanda, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar , Evans, David and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Optimisation of thermal insulation of cellulose reinforced rigid polyurethane foam using Taguchi methodology. European Polymer Congress EPF 2015, Dresden, Germany, 22-26 June 2015.
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar , Edwards, Grant A. B., Chaleat, Celine and Martin, Darren J. (2015). Acid-free isolation of cellulose nanocrystals and organic solvent free processing of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. European Polymer Congress EPF 2015, Dresden, Germany, 22-26 June 2015.
Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar (2015). Applications of scattering techniques for nanocellulose characterisations. Australian Angle Scattering Workshop, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, 11-13 February 2015.
Amiralian, Nasim , Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2015). High Performance Cellulose Nanofibrils From Spinifix, An Australian Arid Grass. Nanotechnology Entrepreneurship Workshop for Early Career Researchers 2015, Gold Coast QLD Australia, 10-11 June 2015.
Naranpanawe, W. M. L. B., Bandara, K. M. K. S., Saha, T. K., Ekanayake, C. and Annimalai, Pratheep Kumar (2015). Effect of pressboard ageing on power transformer mechanical vibration characteristics. IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 15-18 November 2015. Piscataway, NJ, United States: IEEE. doi: 10.1109/APPEEC.2015.7380951
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Isolation of cellulose nanocrystal with improved thermal stability from commercial crystalline cellulose. NanoBio Australia 2014: 5th International NanoBio Conference & 3rd International Conference on BioNano Innovation (2014 ICBNI), Brisbane, 6-10 July 2014.
Amiralian, Nasim, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Memmott, Paul and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Unusually high aspect ratio, easily deconstructed cellulose nanofibers from Australian spinifex (Triodia pungens). TAPPI Nano 2014: TAPPI 9th Annual International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials, Vancover, BC, Canada, 23-26 June 2014.
Nasim Amiralian, Pratheep Kumar Annamalai and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Worldwide Research and Report on 2014 TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials. 1st Australian workshop on cellulose nanofibers, Melbourne, 17 July 2014.
Septevani, Athanasia Amanda, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Synthesis and characterisation of polyurethane foam from palm-based polyol. NanoBio Australia 2014: 5th International NanoBio Conference & 3rd International Conference on BioNano Innovation, Brisbane, 6-10 July 2014.
Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Processing of polyurethane-cellulose nanocomposites via reactive extrusion. 10th SPSJ International Polymer Conference (IPC2014), Tsukuba, Japan, 2-5 December 2014.
Septevani, Athanasia Amanda, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Evans, David, Chaleat, Celine and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Influence of palm based polyol on insulation properties of polyurethane foams. RACI National Congress 2014, Adelaide, 7-12 December 2014.
Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar, Amiralian, Nasim and Martin, Darren J. (2014). Alternative approaches and feedstocks for nanocellulose. 1st Australian workshop on cellulose nanofibers, Melbourne VIC, Australia, 17 July 2014.
Amiralian, Nasim, Edwards, Grant, Milne, John, Memmott, Paul, Annamalai, Pratheep K. and Martin, Darren (2013). Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from Triodia Pungens, an Australian native grass. Nano 2013: TAPPI 8th Annual International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials, Stockholm, Sweden, 24-27 June, 2013.
Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar , Mendez, Julie, Eichhorn, Stephen J, Rusli, Rafedah, Rowan, Stuart J, Foster, E. Johan and Weder, Christoph (2012). Water-responsive Shape-Memory Effect in Polymer Nanocomposites. PolyColl 2012, Fribourg, Switzerland, 20 April 2012.
Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Singh, Raj Pal (2012). Clay Nanoparticles as Pseudo-Pro-Oxidant for Polyolefins Degradation. International Conference on Advances in Polymeric Materials and Nanotechnology, PolyTech 2012, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 15-17 December 2012.
Pratheep Kumar Annamalai, Mehdi Jorfi, Mahesh Biyani, E Johan Foster and Christoph Weder (2011). Bio-Inspired Mechanically-Adaptive Polymer - Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites,. NanoEvent, Fribourg, Switzerland, 22 November 2011.
Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar , Pochat-Bohatier, Celine , Bouyer, Denis , Li, Chan Ming , Deratani, Andre and Wang, Da Ming (2010). Kinetics of mass transfer kinetics during vapour-induced phase separation (VIPS) and its influence on PVDF membrane surface morphology. 6th conference of the Aseanian Membrane Society in conjunction with the 7th International Membrane Science and Technology Conference (AMS6/IMSTEC 10), Sydney, NSW., Australia, 22-26 November 2010. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
Pandey, JK, Kumar, AP and Singh, RP (2003). Biodegradation of packaging materials: Composting of polyolefins. 7th World Conference on Biodegradable Polymer and Plastics, Pisa Italy, Jun 04-08, 2002. doi: 10.1002/masy.200350735
Patents
Martin, Darren J., McFarland, Eric , Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Laycock, Bronwyn (2015). Production of carbon fiber used as e.g. lightweight automobile component, involves spinning precursor fiber filament from solution comprising nanocellulose fibril, and carbonizing filament by pyrolysis at elevated temperature. WO2015143497-A1.
Martin, Darren James, Annamalai, Pratheep Kumar and Amiralian, Nasim (2015). Nanocellulose. WO2015074120-A1.